🔬 Investigations

The Full Blood Count (FBC) is a fundamental screening test that measures the levels of red blood cel…

Urea and Electrolytes (U&Es) are a standard blood panel used to assess renal function and fluid-elec…

Liver Function Tests (LFTs) are a group of biochemical markers used to screen for and monitor liver …

Thyroid Function Tests (TFTs) are used to evaluate the activity of the thyroid gland. The primary ma…

HbA1c (Glycated Haemoglobin) measures the average plasma glucose concentration over the preceding 2–…

The Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) is a point-of-care test used to evaluate a patient's acid-base balance,…

The 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a non-invasive test that records the electrical activity of t…

A Chest X-ray (CXR) is a projectional radiograph of the chest used to diagnose conditions affecting …

The Abdominal X-ray (AXR) is a plain radiograph of the abdomen used to evaluate the bowel gas patter…

A Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the head uses a series of X-rays to create detailed cross-section…

CT Pulmonary Angiogram (CTPA) is the primary imaging modality for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary e…

CT Abdomen and Pelvis is a core diagnostic tool for evaluating acute and chronic abdominal pathology…

MRI Brain is a high-resolution imaging technique used to visualise the structure and function of the…

MRI Spine provides detailed imaging of the vertebrae, intervertebral discs, spinal cord, and nerve r…

Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) is a non-invasive, ultrasound-based investigation used to asses…

An invasive diagnostic procedure using X-ray fluoroscopy and iodinated contrast to visualise the cor…

A physiological test measuring the volume of air an individual can inhale or exhale as a function of…

A simple, portable test that measures the maximum speed of expiration (Peak Expiratory Flow Rate) to…

A rapid biochemical screen of urine using reagent strips to detect various substances including bloo…

A laboratory test where urine is cultured to identify bacterial or fungal pathogens and determine th…

Renal ultrasound is a non-invasive, radiation-free imaging modality used to evaluate the anatomy of …

Lumbar puncture (LP) is an invasive procedure used to sample cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diagnosti…

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive test that records the electrical activity of the bra…

Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS) are used to evaluate the function of peripheral nerves. By stimulatin…

Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (OGD) is a procedure used to visually examine the lining of the oes…

An invasive endoscopic procedure used to visualise the entire large bowel and terminal ileum for dia…

A non-invasive, radiation-free imaging modality used primarily to evaluate the hepatobiliary system,…

A group of blood tests (Calcium, Albumin, Phosphate, ALP) used to assess calcium homeostasis and bon…

A set of laboratory tests (PT, APTT, Fibrinogen) used to evaluate the blood's ability to clot via th…

A blood test measuring fibrin degradation products, used as a sensitive but non-specific marker to r…

Troponin is a protein found in cardiac muscle cells, released into the bloodstream following myocard…

B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and NT-proBNP are substances produced by the heart in response to e…

CRP and ESR are non-specific markers of systemic inflammation. CRP is an acute-phase protein produce…

Blood cultures are an essential microbiological investigation used to detect the presence of bacteri…

HIV testing in the UK primarily utilises 4th generation combined antigen/antibody assays. These test…

Hepatitis serology involves blood tests to detect antigens (viral proteins) and antibodies (immune r…

A pregnancy test measures the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), produced by the syncytiotr…

Iron studies assess the body's iron stores and the transport of iron in the blood. Ferritin reflects…

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) and Folate (vitamin B9) are essential nutrients for red blood cell productio…

A DEXA scan is a low-radiation X-ray that measures Bone Mineral Density (BMD). It is the gold standa…