🚨 Emergency Medicine
30 emergency conditions — recognition, immediate management and escalation
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. …
Septic shock is a subset of sepsis with circulatory and cellular/metabolic dysfunction associated wi…
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening, generalised or systemic hypersensitivity reaction. It is …
Airway obstruction is a life-threatening emergency where the passage of air to the lungs is partiall…
Acute severe asthma is a medical emergency characterised by rapidly worsening asthma symptoms that a…
A severe, acute worsening of COPD symptoms requiring urgent medical intervention, often precipitated…
A life-threatening condition where air enters the pleural space but cannot escape, leading to progre…
A life-threatening condition caused by a large blood clot obstructing a major pulmonary artery, lead…
A spectrum of conditions including unstable angina, NSTEMI, and STEMI, resulting from acute myocardi…
The sudden cessation of cardiac mechanical activity, confirmed by the absence of signs of circulatio…
Bradyarrhythmias are abnormally slow heart rhythms, typically defined as <60 bpm, which can lead to …
Tachyarrhythmias are abnormally fast heart rhythms, typically >100 bpm, which can compromise cardiac…
Hypertensive emergency is defined as severe hypertension (typically systolic >180 mmHg or diastolic …
Shock is a life-threatening condition of circulatory failure leading to inadequate tissue perfusion …
Major trauma is severe injury to multiple body regions or a single severe injury that can result in …
Head injury encompasses any trauma to the head, ranging from minor scalp lacerations to severe brain…
Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) occurs when the volume of intracranial contents (brain, blood, CS…
Status epilepticus is defined as a seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes, or recurrent seizures with…
Acute stroke is a sudden neurological deficit caused by ischaemia (85%) or haemorrhage (15%) in the …
Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is bleeding into the subarachnoid space, typically caused by rupture …
Meningococcal disease is a life-threatening bacterial infection, most commonly caused by Neisseria m…
Hyperkalaemia is a potentially life-threatening electrolyte disturbance defined as a serum potassium…
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of diabetes, characterised by hypergl…
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS), previously known as HONK, is a severe, life-threatening com…
Adrenal crisis (acute adrenal insufficiency) is a life-threatening endocrine emergency caused by an …
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a sudden decline in renal function, leading to accumulation of waste pr…
An Upper GI Bleed (UGIB) is bleeding originating proximal to the ligament of Treitz, commonly caused…
Poisoning and overdose involve exposure to a substance that causes toxicity, either accidental or in…
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome occurs when heavy, prolonged alcohol use is suddenly reduced or stopped.…
Acute Behavioural Disturbance (ABD) is a state of altered consciousness and/or behaviour that poses …